The timing of when you record income and expenses depends on your accounting basis. The two methods — cash and accrual — can show very different results for the same business.
This guide explains both and when each is appropriate.
What is accrual and cash accounting?
Under the cash basis, income and expenses are recorded only when cash is received or paid. Under the accrual basis, they are recorded when earned or incurred, regardless of cash movement.
Companies must use the accrual basis; small professionals may use cash basis in limited cases.
Cash vs accrual
| Aspect | Cash basis | Accrual basis |
|---|---|---|
| Records income | When received | When earned |
| Records expense | When paid | When incurred |
| Accuracy | Simple but incomplete | Truer financial picture |
Frequently asked questions
Which method do companies use?
Companies are required to maintain accounts on the accrual basis under the Companies Act.
Is cash basis allowed for tax?
Certain professionals can use the cash basis, but businesses generally follow accrual; presumptive schemes have their own rules.